Discussion
The rate of cooling or warming of vertically moving unsaturated (dry) air is :
Answer: C
The rate is about 10°C/1000 meters.
Unsaturated air that rises expands and cools adiabatically, and air that sinks is compressed and warms, at the dry adiabatic lapse rate:
\[ \begin{aligned} \Gamma_{d} &= \frac{g}{c_{p}} = \frac{9.81}{1004} \\ &\approx 9.8\ \text{K/km} \end{aligned} \]
That is close to 10°C per 1,000 m. Once air is saturated, latent heat released by condensation slows the cooling to the saturated (moist) adiabatic rate, about 5-6°C per 1,000 m. The other options, 20, 25 and 30°C per 1,000 m, are far steeper than any adiabatic rate.
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