Child Health Nursing Questions and Answers

Answer: C

The true principle is It follows a cephalocaudal pattern.

Growth and development proceed from head to tail (cephalocaudal): a baby controls its head before its trunk, and its trunk before its legs. Development also proceeds from the centre outwards (proximodistal) and from general to specific.

Development is orderly and predictable, not random, and it is shaped by both heredity and environment, so 'not influenced by genetics' is wrong. 'Unidirectional' is not one of the stated principles; the accepted principle naming a direction is the cephalocaudal one.

Answer: B

Growth primarily refers to increase in physical size.

Growth is a quantitative change: an increase in the size of the body or its parts, measured in height, weight and head circumference.

Development is the qualitative side: changes in functioning and skills. Qualitative changes in functioning, the development of cognitive skills and emotional maturation all describe development, not growth.

Answer: A

The correct matching is i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b.

• Authoritarian parents are strict and demanding and expect the child to follow their directions without question (c).
• Authoritative parents set clear limits but are warm, explain their reasons and encourage independence (d).
• Indulgent (permissive) parents are highly involved and warm but make few demands (a).
• Neglectful parents are uninvolved in the child's life (b).

The common trap is to confuse authoritarian with authoritative, which the other options do.

Answer: A

At birth the brain is about 25 percent of its adult weight.

A newborn's brain weighs roughly 350-400 g, about a quarter of the adult brain's 1,300-1,400 g. It then grows very fast: it reaches about 75 percent of adult weight by the age of two and about 90 percent by five, which is why nutrition in the first years matters so much.

45, 65 and 85 percent are too high for birth; they are closer to the proportions reached later in infancy and early childhood.