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Which technique resolves the largest turbulent eddies explicitly?

  • A.Reynolds averaged modelling, in which the effect of every eddy is represented by a turbulence closure scheme
  • B.A slab model
  • C.Direct numerical simulation, which resolves every scale of the motion down to the smallest dissipative eddies
  • D.Large eddy simulation

Answer: D

Large eddy simulation resolves eddies larger than the grid and parameterises only the smaller ones, which is feasible for the boundary layer where the energy containing eddies are hundreds of metres across. Direct numerical simulation resolves everything but is limited to laboratory Reynolds numbers. Reynolds averaging parameterises the whole spectrum. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a formula, is the reliable route through questions of this shape.

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