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Which reference length non-dimensionalises a rolling moment?

  • A.The tail arm
  • B.The fuselage length
  • C.The span
  • D.The mean chord

Answer: C

Rolling moments use the span, as yawing moments do, since it is the natural lateral reference length; pitching moments use the mean aerodynamic chord instead. The tail arm appears inside the estimating formulae for particular contributions but is never the reference for a whole-aeroplane coefficient. Fuselage length is not used as a reference at all. Because span and chord can differ by a factor of ten, using the wrong one produces an error far larger than any modelling uncertainty.

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