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How does scanning a beam move the grating lobes?

  • A.It creates new grating lobes that did not exist before the scan
  • B.It moves the grating lobes towards the main beam symmetrically
  • C.It has no effect since grating lobes depend only on element spacing
  • D.It shifts the whole periodic pattern, bringing a repeat into view

Answer: D

Steering adds a constant to the pattern variable, so the entire periodic array factor slides and a repetition that was outside the visible region can move into it. That is why an array with spacing acceptable at broadside develops a grating lobe when scanned. The lobes are not created by scanning, they always exist mathematically, and they move together rather than converging on the main beam. This is the clearest way to see why wide scan demands close spacing.

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