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The set of elements which has exceptional electronic configurations not obeying Aufbau principle is

  • A.K, Ca, Cr & Cu
  • B.Ca, Cr, Nb & Cu
  • C.Ca, Cr, Ag & Cu
  • D.Cr, Cu, Ag & Ru
  • E.Na, Rh, Cr & Cu

Answer: D

The set is Cr, Cu, Ag & Ru.

Each of these has a configuration that departs from the Aufbau order: Cr is 3d54s1 (not 3d44s2), Cu is 3d104s1, Ag is 4d105s1 and Ru is 4d75s1. Half-filled and filled d subshells, and the closeness of the (n-1)d and ns energies, explain these.

Every other set contains a normal element: K (4s1), Ca (4s2) and Na (3s1) all follow the Aufbau order, which rules out the other four options.

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