Discussion
In the following nuclear reaction, Z is a/an
\[ {}^{197}_{80}X \rightarrow {}^{197}_{79}Y + Z + v \]
Answer: B
Z is a \(\beta^{+}\) particle (a positron).
The mass number stays 197 while the atomic number falls from 80 to 79. Balancing charge and mass number, Z has charge +1 and mass number 0: a positron. Positron emission is accompanied by a neutrino, the v in the equation.
An α-particle would lower the mass number by 4, \(\beta^{-}\) would raise Z by 1, a proton would lower the mass number by 1, and a neutron would lower the mass number without changing Z.
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