Discussion
When a child asks for a candy only when at the grocery store with their grandmother and not when with their mother, the presence of their grandmother is acting as a :
Answer: A
The grandmother is acting as a discriminating stimulus.
A discriminative stimulus signals that a particular response will be reinforced. The child has learned that asking for candy pays off when the grandmother is present and does not when the mother is, so the grandmother's presence sets the occasion for the behaviour.
Observational learning is learning by watching others, not a stimulus. Variable-interval and fixed-ratio are schedules describing when reinforcement is given, by time or by number of responses; they do not describe a cue that controls when a behaviour occurs.
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