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Which surface feature contributes to the strong shear there?

  • A.Mountain ranges
  • B.The high albedo of the winter snow cover, which cools the surface uniformly across the whole continent
  • C.The sea surface temperature gradient across a western boundary current
  • D.The uniform temperature of the open ocean, which prevents any horizontal thermal contrast from forming

Answer: C

The Gulf Stream and Kuroshio carry warm water poleward alongside cold continental air, producing intense low level baroclinicity that anchors the storm track entrance. Ocean circulation therefore controls where mid-latitude storms form. Uniform ocean temperature would remove the gradient entirely, and mountains and snow cover contribute elsewhere but not to this particular feature. Most errors here come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring case where it does not hold.

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