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Which quantity measures the poleward heat transport by baroclinic eddies?

  • A.The correlation between the meridional wind and the vertical velocity within the disturbance concerned
  • B.The covariance of meridional wind and temperature
  • C.The product of the zonal mean meridional wind and the zonal mean temperature at that latitude and level
  • D.The eddy kinetic energy

Answer: B

The eddy heat flux is the time mean of the product of the departures of meridional wind and temperature from their zonal means, and it is positive because warm air moves poleward and cold air equatorward. Mid-latitude eddies carry about five petawatts by this route. Multiplying the two zonal means gives the mean meridional circulation transport instead, which is a separate contribution. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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