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Which cyclones show the largest diabatic contribution?

  • A.Lee cyclones forming immediately downstream of a major mountain range in the westerly flow above it
  • B.Rapidly deepening maritime storms
  • C.Slow moving continental lows in winter, where the surface temperature contrast reaches its greatest values
  • D.Polar lows

Answer: B

Bomb cyclones over the western Atlantic and Pacific draw abundant moisture from warm ocean currents, and diabatic potential vorticity generation contributes substantially to their explosive deepening. Continental systems lack the moisture supply. Polar lows are also strongly diabatic but much smaller, and lee cyclones owe their initial development to vortex stretching over the orography. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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