Discussion
Match each design change in List I with its effect on bending performance in List II.
List I
A. Increasing the cap separation
B. Widening a flange greatly
C. Moving to a stiffer material
D. Lengthening a cantilever
List II
1. Raises stiffness in proportion to the modulus
2. Raises the second moment with the square of the separation
3. Increases tip deflection with the cube of the length
4. Brings diminishing returns because of shear lag
Select the correct match.
Answer: B
Correct answer: A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
Four changes acting through four different powers. Cap separation enters the second moment as its square. Widening a flange runs into shear lag, so the return diminishes. Modulus enters \( EI \) linearly. And cantilever deflection goes as the cube of the length - which is why length is the most damaging variable of the four.
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