Discussion
Consider the following statements about the four regions of operation.
1. The active region has the emitter forward and the collector reverse biased
2. Saturation has both junctions forward biased
3. The inverse active region gives the same gain as the normal one
Which of the statements given above is or are correct?
Answer: C
The first two are correct and the third is not: the inverse active region works but with a much lower gain, because the doping and geometry are optimised for carriers travelling one way. That asymmetry is a direct consequence of the heavily doped emitter and lightly doped collector. A device whose two ends are built differently cannot be expected to behave the same when reversed, which is worth remembering whenever a transistor is found connected backwards.
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