Discussion
Who ultimately reduced the number of causes from four to two only ?
Answer: D
Aristotle's four causes are the material, formal, efficient and final causes. He ultimately reduced them to two, matter and form, because the formal, efficient and final causes often coincide in the form of a thing. Parmenides, Pythagoras and Plato did not work with a fourfold scheme of causes, so they could not have reduced it. The answer is Aristotle. Aristotle's four causes are set out in the Physics and the Metaphysics, and the reduction to matter and form follows from his hylomorphism.
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