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Salt marshes and mangroves attenuate waves principally by

  • A.lowering the tidal range within the estuary behind
  • B.drag exerted by the vegetation on the flow
  • C.reflecting the waves back out to sea
  • D.raising the water level over the marsh

Answer: B

Stems and roots extract momentum from the wave as it passes over. Attenuation increases with the width of the vegetated belt and with stem density. Attenuation accumulates along the flow path. Belt width dominates the protection achieved.

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