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Model tests of armour stability are run at as large a scale as possible because

  • A.the armour units are easier to see at a larger scale
  • B.viscous effects within the armour layer diminish as scale grows
  • C.larger models are cheaper to build than smaller ones are
  • D.the wave generator can only produce very large waves

Answer: B

Correct answer: viscous effects within the armour layer diminish as scale grows

Model tests are scaled on the Froude criterion, which preserves the ratio of inertial to gravitational forces but not viscous ones, so the flow within the armour voids is relatively more viscous in the model than in the prototype. The discrepancy shrinks as the model is enlarged, and a Reynolds number above about 30,000 within the armour layer is the usual requirement for the results to be transferable.

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