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Assertion (A): The polluter pays principle is difficult to apply to coastal erosion.
Reason (R): The causes are frequently diffuse, historical or entirely natural.

  • A.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  • B.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • C.A is true but R is false
  • D.A is false but R is true

Answer: A

Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Both are true and the reason gives the difficulty. The principle requires a polluter to be identified and the harm attributed, and coastal erosion rarely permits either: the sediment deficit may result from a dam built inland fifty years ago, from dredging, from defences twenty kilometres updrift, or from nothing human at all. Where no one caused the harm, no one can be made to pay for it.

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