Discussion
Which one of the following approaches/theories was first started as a critique of democracy and socialism ?
Answer: A
Elite theory began as a critique of democracy and socialism: Mosca, Pareto and Michels argued that in every society, whatever its form, a small minority rules, so that government by the people and a classless society are impossible, and Michels's 'iron law of oligarchy' applied this to democratic parties. The structural-functional approach, communications theory and game theory arose from sociology, cybernetics and mathematics, not as a critique of those two systems. The answer is option A.
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