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Cascading rollback is avoided in all protocol except

  • A.strict two-phase locking protocol.
  • B.tree locking protocol
  • C.two-phase locking protocol
  • D.validation based protocol.

Answer: D

Correct answer: two-phase locking protocol

Cascading rollback happens when one transaction reads data written by another that later aborts. Strict two-phase locking prevents it by holding exclusive locks until commit, and validation-based protocols prevent it by writing only at commit. Plain two-phase locking releases locks as soon as its shrinking phase begins, so uncommitted data can be read and cascading rollback becomes possible.

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