Discussion
Which of the following determines defence security expenditure ?
Answer: B
The answer is Threat perception.
How much a state spends on defence and security depends above all on what threats it believes it faces: hostile neighbours, disputed borders, insurgencies and the military strength of likely adversaries. India's spending, for example, has risen after each war or crisis on its northern and western borders.
Territory and people shape what has to be defended, but a large or populous country with no perceived threat need not spend heavily, while a small one under threat may spend a great deal (Israel is the usual example). So neither territory nor people determines the expenditure on its own, and 'none of the above' is wrong because threat perception does.
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