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The differential \( dy \) of \( y = f(x) \) is defined as

  • A.\( f(x + dx) - f(x) \)
  • B.\( f'(x) \) alone
  • C.\( f'(x)\,dx + \tfrac{1}{2} f''(x)\,dx^{2} \)
  • D.\( f'(x)\,dx \)

Answer: D

The differential is the linear part of the increment, \( dy = f'(x)\,dx \), and it approximates the true increment \( \Delta y \) with an error of order \( dx^{2} \). The bare difference of two values of \\( f \\) is that exact increment rather than its linear approximation, and the version keeping a term in \\( dx^{2} \\) carries a second-order term the differential deliberately omits

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