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Using differentials, \( \sqrt{16.1} \) is approximately

  • A.\( 4.025 \)
  • B.\( 4.005 \)
  • C.\( 4.0125 \)
  • D.\( 4.1 \)

Answer: C

Take \( y = \sqrt{x} \) at \( x = 16 \), where \( y = 4 \) and \( dy/dx = 1/(2\sqrt{x}) = 1/8 \). With \( dx = 0.1 \),

\[ \sqrt{16.1} \;\approx\; 4 + \frac{1}{8}(0.1) \;=\; 4 + 0.0125 \;=\; 4.0125. \]

The true value is 4.01248, so the linear estimate is high by two parts in a million

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