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Consider the differential equation \(\frac{dy}{dx} + 4x = 0\). The solution of this equation for the particular case of \(y = 1\), at \(x = 0\) is

  • A.\(y = 4x\)
  • B.\(y = -4x^{2} + 1\)
  • C.\(y = 1 - 2x^{2}\)
  • D.\(y = \mathrm{log}(x) + 4x\)

Answer: C

The solution is \(y = 1 - 2x^{2}\).

Separate and integrate, then fix the constant from \(y = 1\) at \(x = 0\):

\[ \begin{aligned} \frac{dy}{dx} &= -4x \\ y &= \int -4x\,dx = -2x^{2} + C \\ y(0) = 1 &\Rightarrow C = 1 \\ y &= 1 - 2x^{2} \end{aligned} \]

Check: differentiating gives \(-4x\), and \(-4x + 4x = 0\). The option \(y = -4x^{2} + 1\) forgets to halve on integrating, so its derivative is \(-8x\). \(y = 4x\) gives \(y = 0\) at \(x = 0\), and \(\log(x)\) is not even defined at \(x = 0\).

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