Discussion
A supply is specified as follows.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Secondary peak | 18 V |
| Filter capacitor | 2200 uF |
| Load current | 200 mA |
Approximately what peak-to-peak ripple appears at 100 Hz?
Answer: D
Using the discharge relation with a ten millisecond ripple period:
\[ \begin{aligned} \Delta V &= \frac{0.2 \times 0.01}{2.2 \times 10^{-3}} \\ &\approx 0.9 \ \mathrm{V} \end{aligned} \]
so about 0.9 volts, roughly five per cent of the output. The other options misplace a decade or halve the result. Reading a specification table means identifying which three of its numbers the calculation actually needs. Most errors on this topic come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring scheme where it does not hold.
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