Discussion
Why is a shunt regulator inefficient?
Answer: B
The arrangement draws roughly constant current whatever the load, so at light load almost all of it is wasted in the diode. The resistor's drop is roughly constant rather than proportional to load, output impedance is low and does not rise that way, and the temperature effect is minor. A regulator that discards surplus current rather than declining to draw it is inherently wasteful, which is why series and switching regulators displaced it wherever efficiency matters.
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