Discussion
Speed of the P-waves is the highest among which of the following rocks/ phases ?
Answer: D
P-wave speed is highest in peridotite.
P-wave velocity depends on the elastic moduli divided by density, and dense, stiff ultramafic rock made of olivine and pyroxene has the highest moduli of the four. Peridotite, the rock of the upper mantle, carries P-waves at about 8 km/s, which is why velocity jumps to about 8 km/s at the Moho.
Basalt is slower, about 5.5 to 6.5 km/s. Shale, porous and weakly cemented, is slower again at roughly 2 to 4 km/s, and water carries P-waves at only about 1.5 km/s.
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