Discussion
Assertion (A) : The energy flow in an ecosystem follows the law of thermodynamics.
Reason (R) : The energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional and during the transformation of energy from one trophic level to the other, 80 - 90% of energy is lost.
Codes :
Answer: A
Both statements are true and the reason explains the assertion. Energy flow in an ecosystem obeys the laws of thermodynamics: energy is conserved, and at each transfer much of it is degraded to heat, so only about 10 to 20 percent passes to the next trophic level while 80 to 90 percent is lost. This is why flow is one-way, from the sun through producers to consumers.
That unidirectional flow with large losses at each step is itself a consequence of the second law, so (R) is the correct explanation of (A) and the other three options are ruled out.
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