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The potential gradient in air is limited in practice to about 3 MV/m because

  • A.the permittivity of air falls sharply above that value
  • B.the energy density in the field would exceed the strength of the container
  • C.the air breaks down and conducts above that value
  • D.no source of higher potential can be constructed

Answer: C

Above that stress the field strips electrons from air molecules and an avalanche follows, so the charge leaks away and the field cannot be maintained. Every high voltage design is ultimately constrained by this figure or its equivalent in another medium.

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