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An engine shows long term fuel trims of plus 25 per cent at idle falling to plus 4 per cent at 3000 revolutions per minute under load.

Which fault does this pattern suggest?

  • A.A leaking injector, which would instead produce negative trims as the controller reduced the quantity injected
  • B.An unmetered air leak downstream of the air mass sensor
  • C.A failing fuel pump, which would produce the greatest error at high load rather than at idle as observed here
  • D.A contaminated air mass sensor

Answer: B

A fixed size leak is a large proportion of the small idle airflow and a negligible one at load. That load dependence is the signature of a vacuum leak rather than a proportional fuelling error. Most errors here come from carrying across a result from a neighbouring case where it does not hold. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a summary, avoids the usual confusion. Tracing the requirement back to the physical constraint that produces it makes the answer follow.

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