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Discussion

Consider the following pairs of tail parameter and the reference quantity it is normalised on:

Horizontal tail volume - Wing area and mean aerodynamic chord

Vertical tail volume - Wing area and span

Static margin - Mean aerodynamic chord

Tail arm - Wing span

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

  • A.Only one
  • B.Only two
  • C.All four
  • D.Only three

Answer: D

Correct answer: Only three

The first three are correct: the horizontal tail volume is normalised on wing area and mean aerodynamic chord, the vertical on wing area and span, and the static margin is expressed as a fraction of \( \bar{c} \).

The fourth is wrong. The tail arm is a physical length in metres - the distance between the wing and tail aerodynamic centres - and is not normalised on anything. It appears in the numerator of both tail volume coefficients, which is where the normalising happens.

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