Discussion
During flight test a transport is found to be marginally unstable at the aft centre of gravity limit.
Which change addresses the problem most directly?
Answer: C
Correct answer: Increase the horizontal tail area to move the neutral point aft
Marginal stability at the aft limit means the centre of gravity is too close to the neutral point there. The direct remedy is to move the neutral point aft, and enlarging the horizontal tail does exactly that by increasing its stabilising contribution.
Increasing the wing area moves the neutral point the wrong way, since it raises the wing's share of the total moment. Reducing the elevator chord affects control power, not stability. Fin area works in the yawing plane and has no bearing on longitudinal stability at all.
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