Discussion
Match each sizing case in List I with the surface it principally governs in List II.
List I
A. Engine failure at low speed
B. Trim at the forward centre of gravity limit
C. Spin recovery
D. Cruise trim drag
List II
1. Horizontal tail and elevator
2. Vertical tail and rudder
3. Rudder at high angle of attack
4. Horizontal tail download
Select the correct match.
Answer: D
Correct answer: A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
Each case governs a different surface or a different aspect of one. Engine failure at low speed sizes the vertical tail and rudder against asymmetric thrust. Trim at the forward centre of gravity limit sizes the horizontal tail and elevator, that being the condition demanding the largest download.
Spin recovery is a rudder case but a distinct one, requiring authority at high angle of attack where the tailplane may blanket part of the rudder. Cruise trim drag concerns the horizontal tail's download and the induced drag it forces on the wing.
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