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Which structure appears on an isentropic surface crossing the tropopause?

  • A.No structure
  • B.A regular pattern of alternating maxima and minima spaced evenly around the whole of the latitude circle
  • C.A sharp gradient of potential vorticity at the tropopause crossing
  • D.A uniform field, since the potential vorticity is nearly constant along any surface of constant entropy value

Answer: C

The surface passes from the troposphere at low latitudes to the stratosphere at high latitudes, and the potential vorticity jumps by an order of magnitude across the crossing. That sharp gradient is the dynamical tropopause seen in plan view, and the distortions of the contour reveal the waves and the wave breaking. It is one of the most informative single fields in synoptic meteorology. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.

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