Discussion
Consider the following statements:
1. One of the largest flooded areas was those adjacent to the backwaters along the coast. Areas adjoining these wetlands that are normally flood-free were flooded to a large extent.
2. The outlets to the sea, (pozhis/sand banks and spillways), did not have the capacity to evacuate high flood flows from the rivers, as they occurred, into the sea and thereby aggravating the floods.
3. The flood situation in the coastal areas was intensified by the perigean spring tide, during 11-15 August 2018.
4. Sustained strong onshore winds, resulting in abnormally high sea levels, hampered river outflow into the sea and intensified the flood.
Which among the following statements, listed above, are true with regard to the Kerala floods of August 2018?
Answer: A
All four statements are true, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.
The studies of the August 2018 Kerala floods found the coastal belt among the worst-hit areas. The low-lying land around the backwaters, such as Kuttanad and the Vembanad wetlands, flooded heavily, and areas next to them that normally stay dry were also inundated (1).
The outlets to the sea, the pozhis and spillways such as Thottappally, could not discharge the peak river flows fast enough (2). Drainage was made worse by high tides around the middle of August (3) and by strong onshore winds that raised the sea level and held back the river outflow (4).
Since all four contributed, every option leaving any of them out is incomplete.
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