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Which approximation is preferred for deep atmospheric convection?

  • A.The geostrophic approximation, which balances the Coriolis force against the horizontal pressure gradient
  • B.The anelastic approximation
  • C.The Boussinesq approximation, which treats the background density as uniform throughout the layer
  • D.The hydrostatic approximation

Answer: B

The anelastic system retains the exponential decrease of the reference density with height while still filtering sound waves, which is what deep convection spanning many scale heights requires. Boussinesq would misrepresent the expansion of a rising plume, and hydrostatic balance fails outright in a convective updraught. Geostrophic balance is irrelevant at convective scales, where the Rossby number is very large.

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