Discussion
Assertion (A): The middle root of a cubic equation of state is discarded.
Reason (R): On that branch an increase in pressure would produce an increase in volume, which no stable fluid can do.
Answer: C
Both are true and the reason gives the criterion: mechanical stability requires the isothermal compressibility to be positive, and the middle branch violates it everywhere. The Maxwell construction replaces that branch with a straight line.
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