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Which inefficiency is characteristic of forward chaining?

  • A.Deriving conclusions nobody asked for
  • B.Asking the user for information that the system could have derived from what it already knows
  • C.Re-proving the same subgoal
  • D.Storing a separate copy of the knowledge base for each hypothesis being considered in parallel

Answer: A

Data-driven inference pursues every consequence of the facts, so in a large base most of the work has nothing to do with the question of interest. Redundant questioning and repeated subgoals are backward-chaining faults, and duplicated knowledge bases belong to nothing here. Goal-directed filtering, or a hybrid regime, is the usual remedy when a forward system must answer specific queries. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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