Discussion
Which of the following chromato-graphic mobile phase has the highest refractive index ?
Answer: D
The highest refractive index belongs to toluene.
Approximate refractive indices at 20 degrees C are: water 1.333, ethanol 1.361, chloroform 1.446 and toluene 1.497. Aromatic compounds such as toluene, with their polarisable pi electrons, have higher refractive indices than water, alcohols or chlorinated alkanes.
Refractive index matters in liquid chromatography because the refractive index detector responds to the difference between the eluent and the analyte. Water is the lowest of the four, and chloroform, though dense, is still below toluene.
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