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Two identical amplifiers are cascaded and the passband gain is 6 dB below the expected sum. What does this suggest?

  • A.The two stages' roll-offs are compounding
  • B.One stage's bias point has drifted
  • C.The coupling capacitor between them is too small
  • D.The second stage is loading the first

Answer: D

A shortfall in the flat part of the response, rather than at either end, points at interstage loading: the first stage's effective load is its own collector resistor in parallel with the second stage's input impedance. Compounding roll-offs affect the band edges and not the passband, a drifted bias would distort or clip, and a small coupling capacitor would show at the low end only. Where in the response a defect appears is what localises its cause, and the passband points at loading.

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