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What does a small phase margin produce in the step response?

  • A.A reduction in the final amplitude
  • B.Overshoot and ringing
  • C.A slow, rounded rise with no overshoot
  • D.Droop along the top of a long pulse

Answer: B

A marginally stable loop peaks in the frequency domain and rings in the time domain, so a step overshoots and takes several cycles to settle. A rounded rise indicates a wide phase margin and a modest bandwidth, droop is a low-frequency matter, and the final amplitude is set by the closed-loop gain. The frequency and time descriptions are two views of one response, so a margin can be assessed from a step just as readily as from a swept measurement.

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