Discussion
Which surface does effective gravity act perpendicular to?
Answer: B
Geopotential surfaces are by definition the surfaces of constant potential energy per unit mass, so effective gravity, being the gradient of that potential, is normal to them everywhere. This is what allows geopotential height to replace geometric height as a vertical coordinate with gravity absorbed. Constant pressure and constant density surfaces are generally tilted with respect to these, and a spirit level in fact defines the local geopotential surface, so that option is a restatement rather than an alternative.
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