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Horizontal bedding above a tunnel roof tends to fail by

  • A.the whole face squeezing inward under high stress
  • B.sudden bursting of rock from the tunnel invert
  • C.slabs delaminating and dropping from the crown
  • D.wedges sliding out of both walls simultaneously

Answer: C

Correct answer: slabs delaminating and dropping from the crown

A horizontally bedded roof behaves as a stack of beams spanning the opening. Each bed sags under its own weight, separates from the one above, and eventually drops as a slab. The failure is progressive rather than sudden, and it is why bedded roofs are bolted early - the bolts tie the beds together so they act as one thick beam instead of several thin ones.

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