Discussion
One of the following parameters is not included in the estimation of the mean flow velocity :
Answer: D
The parameter not used is kinematic viscosity.
Mean flow velocity in an open channel is normally estimated with the Manning equation:
\[ V = \frac{1}{n} R^{2/3} S^{1/2} \]
where R is the hydraulic radius (cross-sectional area divided by wetted perimeter), S is the channel (energy) slope and n is the Manning roughness coefficient. All three of the other options appear in it.
Kinematic viscosity enters the Reynolds number, which tells whether flow is laminar or turbulent, but natural rivers are fully turbulent and the Manning formula does not include it.
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