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Saline intrusion in a coastal aquifer is caused by

  • A.the presence of a thick confining clay layer
  • B.artificial recharge from a tank
  • C.over-abstraction lowering the freshwater head
  • D.recharge from monsoon rainfall

Answer: C

Fresh water floats on the denser sea water, and lowering its head lets the interface move inland and upward. Once salt reaches a well the damage is slow to reverse, so prevention by controlled abstraction is essential.

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