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Which of the following is the correct order in which the mentioned measures of development were introduced ?

  • A.HDI (Human Development Index), Per-capita Income, PQLI (Physical Quantity of Life Index)
  • B.Per-capita Income, HDI, PQLI
  • C.PQLI, HDI, Per-capita Income
  • D.Per-capita Income, PQLI, HDI

Answer: D

The correct order is Per-capita Income, PQLI, HDI.

Per capita income is the oldest measure, in use from the early national income estimates of the first half of the twentieth century. The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), combining literacy, infant mortality and life expectancy, was devised by Morris David Morris in 1979. The Human Development Index was introduced by UNDP in its first Human Development Report in 1990.

Every other order puts HDI before PQLI or before per capita income, which reverses the history.

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