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A tunnel is driven through a rock whose bedding dips steeply into the face. The chief concern is

  • A.the rock dissolving in groundwater
  • B.the absence of any plane of weakness
  • C.slabs detaching along the bedding planes
  • D.the rock proving too hard to excavate

Answer: C

Correct answer: slabs detaching along the bedding planes

Bedding dipping steeply into the face gives planes on which slabs can detach from the crown and the walls, since the rock is far weaker across the bedding than along it. The orientation of the discontinuities relative to the tunnel axis therefore matters as much as the strength of the rock itself, and support is designed to pin the beds back rather than to carry the intact material.

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