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Transition from laminar to turbulent flow on an airfoil generally

  • A.Decreases skin friction and hastens separation
  • B.Has no effect on either friction or separation
  • C.Eliminates the boundary layer altogether
  • D.Increases skin friction but delays separation

Answer: D

Correct answer: Increases skin friction but delays separation

A turbulent boundary layer mixes high-momentum fluid down toward the wall, which raises the wall shear stress and hence the friction drag, but also gives the layer more momentum to carry it against an adverse pressure gradient. The trade is often worth making, and it is exactly why golf balls are dimpled and why vortex generators are fitted.

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