Discussion
Indian federalism is often described as ‘quasi-federal’ because
Answer: A
Correct answer: The Constitution creates a federation with a strong centre
The description quasi-federal, associated with K. C. Wheare, reflects a federation whose balance is deliberately tilted towards the centre. The federal features are genuine: a written constitution, a division of powers through the Seventh Schedule, a bicameral Parliament, and an independent judiciary to arbitrate disputes. But the unitary features are substantial. Residuary powers rest with Parliament rather than the states. Parliament can create or abolish states and alter their boundaries by ordinary law, without their consent. The Governor is appointed by the centre. There is a single unified judiciary, a single citizenship, and all-India services whose officers serve both levels. Emergency provisions can convert the system into a unitary one outright, and Article 356 has been used to dismiss state governments. The Constitution never uses the word federal: Article 1 says Union of States, which Ambedkar explained as meaning that the union is not the outcome of an agreement and that no state may secede. Federalism is nonetheless part of the basic structure.
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