Discussion
The CRISPR-Cas system in bacteria primarily functions as __________.
Answer: B
CRISPR-Cas works mainly as an adaptive immune defense against phages.
When a bacterium survives infection, it inserts short pieces of the invader's DNA as spacers into its CRISPR array, which serves as a heritable memory. The array is transcribed into guide RNAs that lead Cas nucleases, such as Cas9, to cut matching phage or plasmid DNA when it enters again. This is the mechanism later adapted for genome editing.
It is not a general DNA repair system, and it has nothing to do with sporulation or with quorum sensing, the cell-density signalling system of bacteria.
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