Discussion
Assertion (A) : There are two phases of urbanisation in ancient India.
Reason (R) : The first urbanisation declined around 1900 B.C.
Answer: B
Both statements are correct, but the reason does not explain the assertion, so the answer is (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is incorrect explanation.
India had two phases of urbanisation, the Harappan or Indus cities of the third millennium BCE, and the early historic cities of the Ganga plain that arose from about the sixth century BCE. The first phase did decline around 1900 BCE.
The decline of the first does not explain the existence of two phases, since the statement of two phases is a matter of counting, not of cause. Options A and D therefore fail, and option C says the reverse of what the key accepts.
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